[208] Chicago was also the site of the Schwinn Bicycle Company. Chicago has one of the largest concentrations of Italian Americans in the US, with more than 500,000 living in the metropolitan area. Chicago is a city music of festivals, celebrating every music genre. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender, ReligionsGeographyTopics & QuestionsUser Guide, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say they, Compare: [citation needed], More representational and portrait statuary includes a number of works by Lorado Taft (Fountain of Time, The Crusader, Eternal Silence, and the Heald Square Monument completed by Crunelle), French's Statue of the Republic, Edward Kemys's Lions, Saint-Gaudens's Abraham Lincoln: The Man (a.k.a. [174] In 2018, Chicago ranked seventh globally for the highest number of ultra-high-net-worth residents with roughly 3,300 residents worth more than $30million. More than half the population of the state of Illinois lives in the Chicago metropolitan area. Chicago is also the location of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Lyric Opera of Chicago. A 2017 study by Walk Score ranked Chicago the sixth-most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States. [361] In some cases, these exchanges have led to further informal collaborations, such as the academic relationship between the Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and the Institute of Gerontology of Ukraine (originally of the Soviet Union), that was originally established as part of the Chicago-Kyiv sister cities program.[363]. [330], The city was particularly important for the development of the harsh and electronic based music genre known as industrial. [256] They have won three World Series titles, including the 2016 World Series, but had the dubious honor of having the two longest droughts in American professional sports: They had not won their sport's title since 1908, and had not participated in a World Series since 1945, both records, until they beat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. These institutions consistently rank among the top "National Universities" in the United States, as determined by U.S. News & World Report. [332], The city of Chicago has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. Student Location Diversity 85 out of 100. The city rests on a continental divide at the site of the Chicago Portage, connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watersheds. Dominicans There is a small community of Dominicans in Chicago. Pritzker. [65][66] In 1883, Chicago's railway managers needed a general time convention, so they developed the standardized system of North American time zones. An official website of the City of Chicago, Permit for Business ID and Advertising Signs, Vital Records from the Cook County Clerk's Office, AIC (Annual Inspection Certification) Inspections, Economic Disclosure, Affidavit, Online EDS, City Council Office of Financial Analysis, Community Commission for Public Safety & Accountability, U.S. Census Bureau's Statistics about Chicago, 8 major league sports teams, including two MLB teams, 20+ film and filmmaker nonprofit organizations, 307 fields for soccer, football, lacrosse and more, Chicago has the second-highest percentage of commuters riding their bikes to work, Bicycle commute times in the region average only 23 minutes, 19 miles of lakefront bicycle paths along Lake Michigan, A 40-acre bike path for BMX and trail-riding, 40 James Beard Award-winning restaurants, and host of the annual James Beard Awards, GuaranteedRate Field (FormerlyComiskeyPark)- Bridgeport. [citation needed] The Lithuanian Opera Company of Chicago was founded by Lithuanian Chicagoans in 1956,[221] and presents operas in Lithuanian. [237] Enthusiasts of the Chicago-style hot dog frown upon the use of ketchup as a garnish, but may prefer to add giardiniera. [14] It is home to several Fortune 500 companies, including Archer-Daniels-Midland, Conagra Brands, Exelon, JLL, Kraft Heinz, McDonald's, Mondelez International, Motorola Solutions, Sears, and United Airlines Holdings.[18]. The Sox are fifth in the American League in all-time wins, and sixth in pennants. But all three will vote for a turkey. After successfully running for re-election five times, and becoming Chicago's longest-serving mayor, Richard M. Daley declined to run for a seventh term. With a population of 2,746,388 in the 2020 census,[7] it is also the most populous city in the Midwest. [144], Like other major cities, Chicago experiences an urban heat island, making the city and its suburbs milder than surrounding rural areas, especially at night and in winter. The racial makeup of the city in 2010 was 45.3% white and within that 45.3%, 12.9% identify as having Hispanic ancestry (31.7% non-Hispanic white ), 32% black, 5% Asian, and 3% from two or more races. Chicago's first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois and Michigan Canal opened in 1848. [11] Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards, including new construction styles (such as Chicago School architecture, the development of the City Beautiful Movement, and the steel-framed skyscraper). Persons per household, 2017-2021. The city grew significantly in size and population by incorporating many neighboring townships between 1851 and 1920, with the largest annexation happening in 1889, with five townships joining the city, including the Hyde Park Township, which now comprises most of the South Side of Chicago and the far southeast of Chicago, and the Jefferson Township, which now makes up most of Chicago's Northwest Side. In addition to Boeing, which located its headquarters in Chicago in 2001, and United Airlines in 2011, GE Transportation moved its offices to the city in 2013 and GE Healthcare moved its HQ to the city in 2016, as did ThyssenKrupp North America, and agriculture giant Archer Daniels Midland. [201][202][203] Citadel's CEO Ken Griffin, formerly the richest Illinois resident, had been engaged in a three-year feud with Illinois governor J. (2004). Evangelical Protestantism form the largest theological Protestant branch (16%), followed by Mainline Protestants (11%), and historically Black churches (8%). [3] By ethnicity, 28.8% of the total population is Hispanic-Latino (of any race) and 71.2% is Non-Hispanic (of any race). Two tall glass sculptures make up the Crown Fountain. [citation needed], The Chicago Public Library system operates 3 regional libraries and 77 neighbourhood branches, including the central library. On June 4, 1998, the city officially opened the Museum Campus, a 10-acre (4ha) lakefront park, surrounding three of the city's main museums, each of which is of national importance: the Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum, the Field Museum of Natural History, and the Shedd Aquarium. "[8] The Irish gained entry to Chicago's Fire and Police Departments and have kept family traditions of participation in these units. In 1983, Harold Washington became the first black mayor of Chicago. [329], Chicago has five 50,000 watt AM radio stations: the CBS Radio-owned WBBM and WSCR; the Tribune Broadcasting-owned WGN; the Cumulus Media-owned WLS; and the ESPN Radio-owned WMVP. The city is the birthplace of house music (a popular form of electronic dance music) and industrial music, and is the site of an influential hip hop scene. [180] In 2014 the Catholic Church was the largest individual Christian denomination (34%), with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago being the largest Catholic jurisdiction. Affordability, top notch crew and talent, and state-of-the-art facilities and vendors have made Chicago a hotbed for film and television dating back to The Blues Brother. Loyola Chicago ranks 307 out of 2,183 when it comes to geographic diversity. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the 1833 Treaty of Chicago and sent west of the Mississippi River as part of the federal policy of Indian removal. [308] Walter Payton College Prep High School is ranked number one in the city of Chicago and the state of Illinois. [16] The Chicago area has one of the highest gross domestic products (GDP) in the world, generating $689billion in 2018. If treated as a separate category, Hispanics are the largest minority group in Chicago, Illinois. Chicago has also been the home of several prominent talk shows, including The Oprah Winfrey Show, Steve Harvey Show, The Rosie Show, The Jerry Springer Show, The Phil Donahue Show, The Jenny Jones Show, and more. Anarchist and socialist groups played prominent roles in creating very large and highly organized labor actions. Although the meatpacking industry currently plays a lesser role in the city's economy, Chicago continues to be a major transportation and distribution center. ), Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. By 2006, the cartel sought to control most illicit drug sales. Many of the city's financial institutions, such as the CBOT and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block area of city streets that is encircled by elevated rail tracks. The top five races for people living in Chicago are: White (44%), Black (32%), Asian (5%), Hispanic or Latino (28%), Two or more races (2%). [93], On February 23, 2011, former Illinois Congressman and White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel won the mayoral election. The organization, formed in 1924, was called the Society for Human Rights. In 1968 and 1969, members of the Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced bizarre representational paintings. [168] In 2015, roughly 4% of the population identified as LGBT. [38][39][40][41], A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad. [187] In 2007, Chicago was named the fourth-most important business center in the world in the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index. Civil and criminal law cases are heard in the Cook County Circuit Court of the State of Illinois court system, or in the Northern District of Illinois, in the federal system. Racial Makeup of Chicago excluding Hispanics from Racial Categories (2021)[3]NH=Non-Hispanic, Racial Makeup of Hispanics in Chicago (2021)[3], According to 2021 US Census Bureau American Community Survey one-year estimates (which is conducted annually for cities over 65,000 via sampling), the population of Chicago, Illinois was 36.1% White (32.9% Non-Hispanic White and 3.2% Hispanic White), 28.5% Black or African American, 6.9% Asian, 1.1% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 13.1% Some Other Race, and 14.2% from two or more races. The canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. The city has one of the largest Assyrian Diaspora populations, with the Assyrian community of Metropolitan Chicago numbering as many as 80,000. Notably, industrial areas on the south side and neighborhoods lining both branches of the Chicago River were devastated; by 1933 over 50% of industrial jobs in the city had been lost, and unemployment rates amongst blacks and Mexicans in the city were over 40%. (formerly ImprovOlympic). [9] One of the most distinct of these German groups were the Volga Germans, or ethnic Germans having lived along the Volga River in Russia. The Chicago metropolitan area has the third largest African American population, behind only New York City and Atlanta. There are eleven selective enrollment high schools in the Chicago Public Schools,[307] designed to meet the needs of Chicago's most academically advanced students. sources of guidance on right and wrong by metro area, Learn More: sources of guidance on right and wrong, Religion, Philosophy/reason, Common sense, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say, Compare: Swedish Americans make up 0.9% of Chicago's population, and they number at 23,990. The park also hosts the annual Taste of Chicago festival. [73] Continuing racial tensions and violence, such as the Chicago Race Riot of 1919, also occurred. [citation needed]. At the end of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world,[156] and the largest of the cities that did not exist at the dawn of the century. Below the poverty line were 19.6% of the population and 16.6% of the families. [299] Chicago ended 2013 with 415 murders, the lowest number of murders since 1965, and overall crime rates dropped by 16 percent. Religion in Chicago, Illinois 59.9% of the people in Chicago are religious: - 3.5% are Baptist - 0.4% are Episcopalian - 38.7% are Catholic - 1.9% are Lutheran - 1.4% are Methodist - 1.2% are Pentecostal - 1.7% are Presbyterian - 0.3% are Church of Jesus Christ - 5.1% are another Christian faith - 1.1% are Judaism - 0.6% are an eastern faith The Kennedy and Dan Ryan Expressways are the busiest state maintained routes in the entire state of Illinois.[334]. Nearly one-in-ten New Yorkers (8%) are Jewish, 3% are Muslim and another 3% are Hindu. Some events which shaped the city's history have also been memorialized by art works, including the Great Northern Migration (Saar) and the centennial of statehood for Illinois. The park is home to a constantly rotating schedule of free cultural events for all ages, all year long. [citation needed], The city's distinctive accent, made famous by its use in classic films like The Blues Brothers and television programs like the Saturday Night Live skit "Bill Swerski's Superfans", is an advanced form of Inland Northern American English. The aldermanic, mayoral, and other city offices are filled through nonpartisan elections with runoffs as needed. Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for US president at the 1860 Republican National Convention, which was held in a purpose-built auditorium called, the Wigwam. [182], The first two Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893 and 1993 were held in Chicago. political party by metro area. National polls rarely give any religious data below the national level. Richard Giraldi of the Chicago Sun-Times remarked on the significance of the label and wrote, "As important as Chess Records was to blues and soul music, Chicago's Wax Trax imprint was just as significant to the punk rock, new wave and industrial genres."[331]. What would become the influential Poetry magazine was founded in 1912 by Harriet Monroe, who was working as an art critic for the Chicago Tribune. In the 1980s and 90s, the city was the global center for house and industrial music, two forms of music created in Chicago, as well as being popular for alternative rock, punk, and new wave. [116] Many of the city's residential streets have a wide patch of grass or trees between the street and the sidewalk itself. [19][20] Landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, Willis (Sears) Tower, Grant Park, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. A third or more of people in each of those metropolitan areas (37% in Seattle, 35% in San Francisco and 33% in Boston) are religious nones.. Purchase this important reference work thatincludes maps and charts. Among denominational Protestant branches, Baptists formed the largest group in Chicago (10%); followed by Nondenominational (5%); Lutherans (4%); and Pentecostals (3%). [309] Northside College Preparatory High School is ranked second, Jones College Prep is third, and the oldest magnet school in the city, Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, which was opened in 1975, is ranked fourth. views about size of government by metro area, Learn More: views about size of government, Smaller government; fewer services, Bigger government; more services, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say government aid to the poor, Compare: [citation needed], Chicago contains less than 25% of the state's population, but it is split between eight of Illinois' 19 districts in the United States House of Representatives. They have won three World Series titles (1906, 1917, 2005) and six American League pennants, including the first in 1901. As well as the mayor, Chicago's clerk and treasurer are also elected citywide. [158], Chicago's population declined in the latter half of the 20th century, from over 3.6million in 1950 down to under 2.7million by 2010. Cubans first migrated to Chicago during the 1950s. By 1930 450 families of Volga German heritage were living in the Jefferson Park area, most of whom originated from Wiesenseite. [80], During World War II, the city of Chicago alone produced more steel than the United Kingdom every year from 1939 1945, and more than Nazi Germany from 1943 1945. It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts, issued by the Chicago Board of Trade, which today is part of the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world, generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone. The River North Gallery District features the nation's largest concentration of contemporary art galleries outside of New York City. Among the 17 largest metropolitan areas, New Yorks Jewish share is matched only by Miami (9%). Some of the parks along the waterfront include Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park, and Jackson Park. By 1850 Irish immigrants accounted for about one-fifth of the city's population. [citation needed] Highly regarded universities in Chicago and the surrounding area are: the University of Chicago; Northwestern University; Illinois Institute of Technology; Loyola University Chicago; DePaul University; Columbia College Chicago and University of Illinois at Chicago. Chicago is the birthplace of gospel, electric blues, house, juke, footwork, and drill. [303], Chicago began experiencing a massive surge in carjackings after 2019, and at least 1,415 such crimes took place in the city in 2020. [290], The number of murders in Chicago peaked at 970 in 1974, when the city's population was over 3million people (a murder rate of about 29 per 100,000), and it reached 943 murders in 1992, (a murder rate of 34 per 100,000). The Irish were able to assert themselves in politics due to their large population but also the fact that they knew English and that thanks to the geographic position of Ireland on the periphery of Europe they did not have ancestral ethnic rivalries. In the 1850s, Chicago gained national political prominence as the home of Senator Stephen Douglas, the champion of the KansasNebraska Act and the "popular sovereignty" approach to the issue of the spread of slavery. Bosnian Muslims were early leaders in the establishment of Chicago's Muslim community. [130] A number of Chicago's public art works are by modern figurative artists. ), Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), Other Episcopalian/Anglican (Mainline Trad. In the summer, many outdoor concerts are given in Grant Park and Millennium Park. RELIGIOUS GROUPINGS, Continues decennial series started in 1952, Provides data on specific religious bodies, from the Amish to Zoroastrians, Differentiates among specific bodies within same tradition, Features the only county-level data on U.S. religious adherence, Congregations - the gatheringof persons who meet together regularly for worship, Members - persons with communicant, confirmed, or full membership status, Adherents - members, their children, and the estimated number of other participants who are not considered members, Average weekly attendance - all those who participate in weeklyservices, Participate in the 2030 U.S. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. [citation needed], The wealth of greenspace afforded by Chicago's parks is further augmented by the Cook County Forest Preserves, a network of open spaces containing forest, prairie, wetland, streams, and lakes that are set aside as natural areas which lie along the city's outskirts,[274] including both the Chicago Botanic Garden in Glencoe and the Brookfield Zoo in Brookfield. In 2015, roughly 4% of the population identified as LGBTQ+. Of the 1,061,928 households in the 2000 census, 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. An expansion will include 32 acres of linear park space along the Chicago River, 10 acres of sports and recreational fields and 17 acres of wetland park. The current mayor is Lori Lightfoot. [276] The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget.[277]. [15] The region also has the largest number of federal highways and is the nation's railroad hub. [45] The project raised much of central Chicago to a new grade with the use of jackscrews for raising buildings. Learn more atLearn more at Chicago.gov/COVIDVax. Religion Census is your source for religious data at the county level. They have played more games and have more wins than any other team in Major League baseball since 1876. As of the 2010 Census, Chicago has the third-largest Puerto Rican population in the continental United States,[26] after New York City and Philadelphia, and the fourth largest Mexican population in the United States after Los Angeles, San Antonio, and Houston. According to U.S. Census Bureau, 48.53 percent of the Chicago population is male and 51.47 percent are female. [citation needed] Lollapalooza originated in Chicago in 1991 and at first travelled to many cities, but as of 2005 its home has been Chicago. Grant Park holds Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain (1927), and the Art Institute of Chicago. 1935: Chicago Cubs secure a record as the third-longest unbeaten MLB game streak with 21 consecutive wins. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. [14] The Southwest Side is home to the largest concentration of Gorals (Carpathian highlanders) outside Europe. This project began with the construction and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and was completed with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal that connects to the Illinois River, which flows into the Mississippi River. [27] There are about 185,000 Arabs in Cook County with another 75,000 in the five surrounding counties. [269] A number of Chicago neighborhoods emerged along these roadways in the 19th century. For much of the twentieth century, it nurtured a strong style of figurative surrealism, as in the works of Ivan Albright and Ed Paschke. Ten years later, he became the secretary and then the president of the first Illinois State Board of Health, which carried out most of its activities in Chicago.[64]. About 18.3% of families and 22.1% of the population lived below the poverty line. [50][51][52] Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact,[53] and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone. [109] The North Side is the most-densely-populated residential section of the city, and many high-rises are located on this side of the city along the lakefront. The city claims three Dow30 companies: aerospace giant Boeing, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to the Chicago Loop in 2001,[196] McDonald's and Walgreens Boots Alliance. The Chicago Bears, one of the last two remaining charter members of the National Football League (NFL), have won nine NFL Championships, including the 1985 Super BowlXX. The Taste of Polonia Festival in Jefferson Park celebrates Polish culture annually on Labor Day weekend. [225] Upscale shopping along the Magnificent Mile and State Street, thousands of restaurants, as well as Chicago's eminent architecture, continue to draw tourists. By 1935 the Workers Alliance of America begun organizing the poor, workers, the unemployed. views about government aid to the poor by metro area, Learn More: views about government aid to the poor, Does more harm than good, Does more good than harm, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say abortion should be, Compare: [273] In addition to ongoing beautification and renewal projects for the existing parks, a number of new parks have been added in recent years, such as the Ping Tom Memorial Park in Chinatown, DuSable Park on the Near North Side, and most notably, Millennium Park, which is in the northwestern corner of one of Chicago's oldest parks, Grant Park in the Chicago Loop. By 1930, two-thirds of Chicago's black population lived in sections of the city which were 90% black in racial composition. [158] Chicago's South Side emerged as United States second-largest urban black concentration, following New York's Harlem. Buckingham Fountain anchors the downtown park along the lakefront. [193] Academically, Chicago has been influential through the Chicago school of economics, which fielded some 12 Nobel Prize winners.
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