Example: "War-weary ministers in London asked themselves why they fought a costly war in the [north] when they had friends in the Carolinas and Georgia.". For example, The hurricane move north towards the Gulf Coast. Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. the Deep South. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. Some common examples of when you should capitalize south include: down South the Deep South Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. To put it another way, capitalize words like Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis in place of the persons name. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. In headlines, the periods are omitted. The main thing is to be consistent with whatever you choose. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. Opportunities exist on the east and west sides of the city. Please include the research youve done. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. For places names and proper names, the word "Southern" should be capitalized, but in other contexts, it is not. However, there are a few exceptions you should learn about. It was first put into effect for large businesses, but it was gradually adopted as a standardized format by everyone. For example, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends capitalization:2. Regardless of what side of the debate table you are on, the different thoughts clearly illustrate how differing opinions could be on the matter, causing people to use capitalization rules the way they deem appropriate. The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. The pastor prayed that God should deliver us from our sins. Just make sure you are consistent with the letter case. (Cap or no cap on east and west). As explained in the post, some people do capitalize terms like "the North" when they refer to a well-established geographical area. Please note that my close-vote reason was 'lack of reasonable signs of research'; I believe that there are differences between the 'northern Europe' example and this one. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Hi there! Names of gods are capitalized, including Allah, Vishnu, and God. I wanted to know how to write Southeast Albania correctly (proof reading). Of course, as with other nouns, they should be capitalized at the beginning of sentences and in titles. In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. We lowercase the terms when they refer to directions: The United States is located north of Mexico. You should only capitalize directions, such as north, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the North.". Meaning of Western world and alternative terms, Specifying geography with cardinal directions, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Meaning of " Western world" and alternative terms. So you would only capitalize federal when you use it in the name of a federal agency, an act, or some other proper noun. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. Of all the various names or terms, direction names could be the trickiest to handle. In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). South Pacific. When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter. Hi, Victoria. Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? However, they should be capitalized only in such contexts; names of compass points in sentences such as "I drove southeast for several hours" or "Have you been to any of the southwestern states?" are not capitalized. Is South capitalized when talking about the Civil War? Should southern be capitalized? South-East Albania? Capitalize words that are part of the formal name, but lowercase in less formal uses: he crossed the Hudson River; but: he fell into the river. The geographical areas "The North," "The East," "The South," and "The West" are treated like proper nouns. In a June 11 statement, the National Association of Black Journalists issued a recommendation "that whenever a color is used to appropriately describe race then it should be capitalized . Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. Titles should only be capitalized if they precede a proper name when used as part of the name. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. only if it's a proper name. So, noun will be always first capital letter. Many scholars now study the global South. Capitalize north, south, east, west, and derivative words when they designate definite regions or are an integral part of a proper name. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Certain regions of California (Bay Area, Southern California, Central Coast, etc.) However, it is accepted that these are capitalized when discussing the American Civil War, for example, and, as mentioned in this article in the final Summary section, some style guides prefer north and south to always be capitalized when referring generally to these areas of the United States. Should I capitalize "the north" and "the south" in my work on the southern campaign of the Revolutionary war? Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . So: North Carolina is north of South Carolina and east of West Virginia. The main style guides all agree on this, although . If you are merely referring to a . down South. Instead, I have compiled a partial list of things people shouldn't capitalize but commonly do anyway. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. When used as part of a short-form political affiliation, states should also be abbreviated. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. However, as in the case of plant names, animal names are not capitalized ("I spotted a red-tailed hawk," not "I spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk"), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in "Steller . But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. Our primary dictionaries, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Websters New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language all capitalize U.S. geographic regions when used as adjectives or indicate that these adjectives are typically capitalized.4, Like adjectives, the decision to capitalize or lowercase geographic populations in the United States will depend on your style guide. 'CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions.' When using a U.S. geographic region as an adjective, the decision to capitalize or lowercase will depend on your style guide. southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. The periods are omitted in headlines. For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. Therefore, use "Black" and "White" instead of "black" and "white" (do not use colors to refer to other human groups; doing so is considered pejorative). However, the forms bachelor's degree, bachelor's, master's degree and master's are acceptable as general terms. The West Coast has beautiful scenery. What about capitalizing a Westerner or a Westerner? Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. Besides the global continents, there are also atmospheric and hydrospheric regions that encompass the oceans, discrete climates, or environments above the water and landmasses of earth. The key factor here is that were using these words descriptively (i.e., to specify the direction or location of something), not to name something. Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. I tried to describe the difference in my answer below. There may be disagreement about where the border of Southern California begins, just as there was and is about the border of the Wild West, but the fact that the Los Angeles metropolitan area, Orange County, and San Diego are all located in Southern California is beyond debate. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. Do not drive, Five Below Job Opportunities Earning consideration for Five Below jobs begins with meeting the companys minimum employment age, which is 16 years old. In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. rev2023.3.3.43278. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. For example, the "river" is a general noun and not capitalized. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. editing, Each morning, the sun rises in the east . However, some people also suggest capitalizing the names of: The uniting theme here is the idea of naming a well-known or well-defined region. States should also be abbreviated when used as part of a short-form political affiliation. Each state has its own unique shortened name codes used in written documents and mailing addresses. 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. 5 Free French-to-English Translation Services, Broad geographical regions (e.g., the North or the Far East), People from a specific region (e.g., Northerners, Southerners), Cultures or movements related to a region (e.g., Western philosophy). Hi, James. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. The word 'southern' shouldn't be capitalized in a sentence unless it is a proper noun. The first instance of when "global" should be capitalized is when used as the first word in a sentence. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the Southern food in Tennessee. If you think southern California has properties which one ordinarily associates with countries or states, or at least you want to convey that this is so, then you should use the capitalization ordinarily used for names of countries or states. When youre talking about Americas West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. If youre referring to the Western States, for example, youre referring to a group of proper nouns. So the upshot of my answer is that you didn't miss the memo (or perhaps I should say The Memo) on this issue, but at the same time you didn't notice a larger phenomenon in accordance with which initial-capping Southern California is by no means a unique, inexplicable, or indefensible treatment of a regional name. Prepositions, such as at, around, by, after, along, for, from, of, on, to, with & without. What is the rule for state abbreviations? Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: Butsouthernerandnorthernerarecapitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: The civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. More answers below Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. The question as to whether something should be considered a name or not is one of style, and as such you should adhere to the discipline of your editor, publication, or organization, or in the absence of a house style, you should adopt a suitable. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? Some common examples of when you should capitalize north include: down North. AP Style holds to the general rule of lowercasing compass directions and capitalizing regions. When to capitalize North East South West? If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. The seasons are not proper nouns and are therefore not normally capitalized. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Keep reading to learn everything there is to regions and their capitalization, rules for related terms and phrases, what a region is, etc. Most style guides recommend capitalizing "West Coast" when referring to the western seaboard of the U.S. hi, should i capitalize 'west' in 'west Africa' or 'north' in north Africa'? Examples: southern France, northern Canada. Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. Are you captivated by capitalization? Thus people who live in southern California may prefer to write Southern California. Human settlements and their impact on the physical geography, and, The communication between the environment and humanity, The precipitation is the maximum in the interior, Cattle-breeding techniques or practices could vary across, Urundi and Ruanda are fertile, healthy, high-lying, and thickly populated, This text isn't a law but an abstract of the several special usages obtained in those, She passed the Lake Amadeus and the Reynolds range in that direction but had to turn, Many scholars are now studying the global. That's when even the most exhaustive style . You should capitalize the words East Coast when referring to a specific region, such as Im traveling to the East Coast, because East Coast is a proper noun in this case. Is north capitalized there? The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. Otherwise, not. You should capitalize "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). In this particular sentence, I is capitalized because it is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The AP Stylebook, which is the guiding stylebook for a number of news organizations, including The Daily Tar Heel, advises against using the Oxford comma in most basic series. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah, the name of a city and state should be abbreviated when they are used together. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Did I miss the memo on this issue? Do You Capitalize "Real Estate"? Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? So capitalize The Pacific Northwest and Central Texas, but not We drove west for two hours., The States that make up The South are usually considered to be: Virginia Tennessee Arkansas Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Texas. West is directly opposite east. Best Book Writing Software and Book Writing Apps, Cursive Text Generator , Buscador de palabras y descifrador de palabras. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. Use the US Postal Services symbol system, which is a two-letter abbreviation that consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are capitalized and no periods are used when giving an address or in tables or other uses where space is limited. A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. Alternatively, some style guide suggest that all of the main words (i.e. Likewise, capitalize terms such as "Native American," "Hispanic," and so on. Generally, you do not need to capitalize the names of the seasons. Western (and Northern) blots however, were not named after inventors but were given these names in honor of . When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. And Wisconsin is known as the Badger State (not "the badger state") even though its official name is Wisconsin. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. The water and land global areas are further divided into subregions bounded by huge geographical features influencing large-scale ecologies. Clearly, LA, OC, and SD are part of Southern California, but there are a lot of other places that are located in southern California that are not located in Southern California, such as Palm Springs, Salton Sea, Joshua Tree, Blythe, etc. I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". For example, NY for New York, use the US Postal Services symbol system. There is room for variation here: if you live in Coventry and youre writing for other Coventry residents, then perhaps writing South Coventry would make sense. For example, "western Massachusetts", "northern New Jersey". Pronouns that refer to any god or gods should be lowercased. You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. The capitalization of as depends upon its function. I still don't see any "descriptivist argument", much less a strong one. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Rule 1. However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? 6 Does the word federal need to be capitalized? Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. English Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, Spanish Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts. Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. For example: I live in The North. Filed Under: [Relevant examples:] the South, southern, a southerner (of a country); the South, Southern, a Southerner (in American Civil War contexts); the Deep South; Southern California; the South of France (region); Southeast Asia; South Africa; South African (referring to the Republic of South Africa); southern Africa (referring to the southern part of the continent); south; southern; southward; to the south (directions). capitalization. The storm is heading east. Hi, Lynne. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. North Dakota; West Virginia; Also capitalize compass points when used in denoting widely known sections. in the southwestern part an eastward direction These words usually do get capitalized when they describe a region of the world or of a country, but there are some exceptions. You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. When it's an adjective ("bicentennial year"), I agree that no cap is needed . Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. Less democratic. Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules.
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