Other languages of the family are spoken in theHimalayas, theSoutheast Asian Massif, and the eastern edge of theTibetan Plateau. The minority view links the origins of Indo-European with the spread of farming from Anatolia 8,000-9,500 years ago. Photograph by istock and altered by Jennifer Carling/Harvard Magazine. Many religions, bothpolytheisticandmonotheistic, havedeitiesassociated with the sky.ref, Incomparative mythology,sky fatheris a term for a recurring concept inpolytheisticreligions of asky godwho is addressed as a father, often the father of apantheonand is often either a reigning or formerKing of the Gods. The tutelary deity ofPraenestewasFortuna, whose oracle was renowned.ref, The Roman ritual ofevocatiowas premised on the belief that a town could be made vulnerable to military defeat if the power of its tutelary deity were diverted outside the city, perhaps by the offer of superior cult at Rome. Its also infinitely more meaningful, and gives us a great deal more insight into the past than simply pointing at the data and hollering, Migration!. A similar physical type prevails among the, , who were tall and powerfully built. 67005650 BCE) site of atalhyk in Turkey, dates from four pottery sherds also matched the sites known chronology. These Bronze Age population replacements are associated with theBeaker culturearchaeologically and with theIndo-European expansionlinguistically.ref, As a result of the population movements during the Mesolithic to Bronze Age, modern European populations are distinguished by differences in WHG, EEF, and ANE ancestry. First, they were under a constant pressure from the reindeer herders to the north (Enets and Nenets) and east (Evenks) and the Turkic-speaking pastoralists to the south. , one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th17th century BCE, . In the late 3rd millennium BCE, military-oriented stockbreeding societies emerged in Eastern Central Asia (Sayan-Altai and Mongolia). These results indicated strong regional differentiations and a long history of cultivation in each region., The most commonly cited hypothesis associates the family with the Neolithic, agriculture. Many people just want to see developed religious dynamics everywhere even if it is not. These patterns are best understood when seen from the top. Neopagans often apply it with impunity to sky goddesses from other regions who were never associated with the term historically. *proto stage of organized religion is 10,000 years ago. As these farmers moved across north-eastern Asia over thousands of years, the descendant languages spread north and west into Siberia and the steppes and east into the Korean peninsula and over the sea to the Japanese archipelago.ref, Eurasiatic is a proposed language with many language families historically spoken in northern, western, and southern Eurasia; which typically include Altaic (Mongolic, Tungusic, and Turkic), Chukchi-Kamchatkan, EskimoAleut, Indo-European, and Uralic. ref, Voiced stops such as /d/ occur in the Indo-European, Yeniseian, Turkic, Mongolian, Tungusic, Japonic and Sino-Tibetan languages. A town in theprovincesmight adopt a deity from within the Roman religious sphere to serve as its guardian, orsyncretizeits own tutelary with such; for instance, a community within thecivitasof theRemiinGauladopted Apollo as its tutelary, and at the capital of the Remi (present-dayRheims), the tutelary wasMarsCamulus.ref, Household deity (a kind of or related to a Tutelary deity), Ahousehold deityis adeityor spirit that protects thehome, looking after the entirehouseholdor certain key members. The team, from the University of Helsinki and Hartwick College in New York, analysed more than 200 Yamnaya individuals who dated as far back as 3000BC - the start of the Bronze Age. It has been suggested that their mythology may have included a narrative, found in both Indo-European and some Native American fables, in which a dog guards the path to the afterlife.ref, Genomic studies also indicate that the ANE component was introduced to Western Europe by people related to theYamnaya culture, long after the Paleolithic. It extends 8 thousand kilometers west to east (from the Black Sea to the Yellow Sea), spanning an area of 8 million sq. TheCapitoline TriadofJuno,Jupiter, andMinervawere also tutelaries of Rome. This large subclade appears to encompass most of the R1a1a found in Europe. The Greek word is apistos (a not and pistos faithful,), thus not faithful or faithless because one is unpersuaded and unconvinced by a god(s) claim. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. They often are consideredsacredaccounts and can be found in nearly all knownreligious traditions. Based on their study, the researchers believe they have shown that the group from the Pontic Steppe was a relatively homogenous population that occupied large parts of Central Europe in the Early Bronze Age , reports Heritage Daily . Romeitself was protected by a goddess whose name was to be kept ritually secret on pain of death (for a supposed case, seeQuintus Valerius Soranus). While in popular usage the termmythoften refers to false or fanciful stories, members of cultures often ascribe varying degrees of truth to their creation myths. In Egyptian mythology,Nutis the sky mother andGebis the earth father).ref, Atutelary(alsotutelar) is adeityorspiritwho is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. For the steppe component in Indo-Iranians, the Eastern European Corded Ware has been suggested as the mediator of Yamnaya ancestry. In antiquity, several sky goddesses in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Near East were called, . Who were the Groups migrating and merging with the previous Groups of Europe 9,000 to 7,000 years ago? The Samara culture was an Eneolithic (Copper Age) culture that flourished around the turn of the 5th millennium BCE,[note 1] at the Samara Bend of the Volga River (modern Russia). An archaeologist once said to me Damien religion and culture are very different. The people of these cultures werenomadic pastoralists, who, according to the model, by the early 3rd millennium BCE had expanded throughout thePonticCaspian steppeand intoEastern Europe. The graves found are shallow pits for single individuals, but two or three individuals might be placed there. For example, in theUgaritic texts,il mlkis understood to mean l the King butil hdas the godHadad. The later, fully developed kurgan was a hill on which the deceased chief might ascend to the sky god, but whether these early mounds had that significance is doubtful. At a frequency of >10%, it is also observed in other Afghan ethnic groups and in some populations in the Caucasus and Iran. revealed with transposon display and interpretation to crop evolution of foxtail millet. This difference is caused by the penetration of posterior Siberian migrations into the Americas, with the lowest percentages of ANE ancestry found in Eskimos and Alaskan Natives, as these groups are the result of migrations into the Americas roughly 5,000 years ago.ref, Estimates for ANE ancestry among first wave Native Americans show higher percentages, such as 42% for those belonging to the Andean region in South America. In Zoroastrianism, two four-eyed dogs guard the bridge to the afterlife calledChinvat Bridge. I as everyone, earns our justified respect by our actions, that are good, ethical, just, protecting, and kind. Most Yeniseian-speaking tribes (Arin, Assan, Baikot, Kott, Pumpokol, Yarin, Yastin) used to live south of the current Ket settlements. This ancestor worship presumably led to the belief in supernatural beings, and then some of these were turned into the belief in gods. It is believed to have originated in Indochina or southern China approximately 15,000 to 20,000 years ago. Yamnaya diets relied less on dairy than their later Indo-European descendants, though they still consumed milk products. First Pottery of Europe and the Related Cultures, 9,000 years old Neolithic Artifacts Judean Desert and Hills Israel, Neolithic Jewelry and the Spread of Farming in Europe Emerging out of West Turkey. Yamnaya households were small, consisting of only two or three families. In FreudsTotem and Taboo, both totem and taboo are outward expressions or manifestations of the same psychological tendency, a concept which is complementary to, or which rather reconciles, the apparent conflict. A rarer form,ila, represents the predicate form in Old Akkadian and inAmorite. In the society in which it is told, a creation myth is usually regarded as conveying profoundtruthsmetaphorically,symbolically,historically, orliterally. They were not able to stand on a flat surface, suggesting that some method of supporting or carrying must have been in use, perhaps basketry or slings, for which the rims would have been a useful point of support. Archaeologists call the people who built these mounds representatives of the. Between 2010-2012 I worked in the Limerick City Archives. Natufians: an Ancient People at the Origins of Agriculture and Sedentary Life. Quite possibly, segments of the core Indo-European speech community moved west before they moved east, including those groups that ultimately introduced Tocharian and Indo-Iranian to Asia. First proto-king in the Balkans, Varna culture around 6,500 years ago? Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems ofhoroscopesthat purport to explain aspects of a personspersonalityand predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority ofprofessionalastrologers rely on such systems.ref, Around 5,500 years ago,Science evolves,The first evidence of science was 5,500 years ago and was demonstrated by a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world. The advent of ancient DNA, especially in the last decade, has shifted the paradigm once more. Yamnaya Steppe Pontic Caspian Eurasian Switzerland Swiss european Neolithic stone age Genetic Gene Ed My name is Edward Whelan and I graduated with a PhD in history in 2008. The culture is characterized by the remains of animal sacrifice, which occur over most of the sites. The specimens were first cleaned in a laboratory using UV light. In that regard it was the opposite development from the Near East, which first developed agriculture then only pottery from circa 5500 BCE, perhaps through contact with East Asians via Siberia or Central Asia. ref. I know I see the deep ethical responsibility that if there is power their must be a humanistic responsibility of ethical and empathic stewardship of that power. Did Ural-Altaic languages originate with haplogroup N in the Manchurian Neolithic? Haplogroup R1b, especially subclades of R1b-M269, is the most commonY-DNAhaplogroup found among both the Yamnaya and modern-day Western Europeans. The teams innovative Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of Indo-European linguistic and spatial data, including basic vocabulary data from 103 ancient and contemporary Indo-European languages, decisively supports this theory. With respect to Y-DNA haplogroup, three carried G2a2b2a3, two G2a2a1a, one G2a2a1, G2a2a1a3, C1a, I2a1a2a-L161.1, I2a2a1, and I2c, while mtDNA haplogroup, two J1c2, K1a2, T2b and one H, H15a1, H40, J1c5, K1a1b1, K1b1. The term Yamnaya comes from the Russian expression Yamnaya Kultura which means 'pit culture'. There are any number of equally acceptable explanations as to why people in 3rd millennium bc Ukraine share ancestry with those in the rest of Europe that requires no assumption of a migration. Possible Religion Motivations in the First Cave Art at around 43,000 years ago? The classification identifies five basic types:Brahm, theHindudevaof creation, emerges from alotusrisen from the navel ofViu, who lies withLakshmion the serpentAnanta Shesha.ref, Marta Weiglefurther developed and refined this typology to highlight nine themes, adding elements such asdeus faber, a creation crafted by a deity, creation from the work of two creators working together or against each other, creation from sacrifice, and creation from division/conjugation, accretion/conjunction, or secretion.ref. As a consequence, we may conclude that it is not possible to on the one hand support the Steppe Hypothesis (or the revised Anatolia Hypothesis for that matter) while at the same time assuming that steppe migrants had an exclusively pastoralist way of life, as has been proposed for the early Yamnaya culture. ref, Cereal remains, cutting tools and a plowshare alleged to be found in Yamnaya contexts. Researchers are saying European peoples and languages descended in part from the Yamnaya Culture people of what is now Russia and western Asia about 4,500 years ago. Both basal East and West Eurasians acquiredNeanderthal admixturein Europe and Asia. When we add the genetic evidence, the migration becomes even clearer: People buried in kurgans on the Hungarian Plain derived most or all of their ancestry from people who had lived on the steppe a few centuries (at most) before. This feeble myth called gods were just a human conceived made from nothing into something over and over, changing, again and again, taking on more as they evolve, all the while they are thought to be special, but it is just supernatural animistic spirit-belief perceived as sacred. Precedents for claiming the personal protection of a deity were established in theRepublican era, when for instance theRoman dictatorSullaadvertised thegoddess Victoryas his tutelary by holding public games(ludi)in her honor.ref, Each town or city had one or more tutelary deities, whose protection was considered particularly vital in time of war and siege. Ket language lacks apparent affiliation with any major language family and is clearly distinct from surrounding Uralic, Turkic, and Tungusic languages. Before me no god was formed, nor will there be one after me. Cory Johnston Atheist Leftist@Skepticallefty& I (Damien Marie AtHope)@AthopeMarie(myYouTube& relatedblog) are working jointly in atheist, antitheist, antireligionist, antifascist, anarchist, socialist, and humanist endeavors in our videos together, generally, every other Saturday. Though the Jmon people themselves descended mainly from East Asian lineages, one study found an affinity between Hokkaido Jmon with the Northern Eurasian Yana sample (an ANE-related group, related to Malta), and suggest as an explanation the possibility of minor Yana gene flow into the Hokkaido Jmon population (as well as other possibilities). The concept of sky father may also be taken to includeSun godswith similar characteristics, such asRa. Changes were initiated including unambiguous evidence of horse riding (prehistoric cavalry) and the introduction of metal weapons such as shafthole axes and spearheads. Neither do bones. In contrast, East Asia has so far received little attention, despite representing a core region at which the Neolithic transition took place independently ~3 millennia after its onset in the Near East. In Sredny Stog culture, the deceased were laid to rest on their backs with the legs flexed. March 3, 2023. With their wheeled chariots, pit graves, and Indo-European language, the Yamnaya spread their culture and genes east and west. Originator deity creating life through sound or word. They also grew peas and beans, though there is no solid evidence that they actually made, There is also evidence that they may have kept bees.. There is still no definative way to proove that the stylized decoration on an artifact has any connection with cultural identity. Refugees fleeing oppression or an environmental disaster look quite a bit different than a group of elite warriors seeking to conquer territory and impose themselves on the current inhabitants. These results were then cross-referenced with 399 published ancient genomes from the same period from Central and Western Europe as well as Neolithic individuals from Anatolia and the Pontic steppe, the researchers wrote in Nature Communications . This is a neat explanation for precisely how the Yamnaya migration might have happened. However, this change was gradual, and it appears that older populations did not mix with the newcomers for many centuries in prehistoric Switzerland and adjacent regions. The other two lower clines are occupied by individuals from the Eurasian steppe, mostly speaking Turkic and Mongolic languages. The other gene flow in Native Americans (the remainder of their ancestry) was of East Asian origin. The first complete mapping of a Neanderthal genome took place about five years ago - supporting the human-Neanderthal hook-up and also showing that Neanderthal DNA in humans is a thing. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about Ancient DNA Reveals Hitherto Unknown Aspects of Human Evolution, about Successfully Dating a Mummy Just Got Easier. Understanding Religion Evolution: Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, Paganism & Progressed organized religion, An Archaeological/Anthropological Understanding of Religion Evolution. This gave them a significant advantage over their rivals. It postulates that the people of aKurgan culturein thePontic steppenorth of theBlack Seawere the most likely speakers of theProto-Indo-European language(PIE). Then the development of religion increased around 600,000 years ago with proto superstition and then even to a greater extent around 300,000 years ago with progressed superstition. 6,5005,800 years ago in Israel Late Chalcolithic (Copper Age) Period in the Southern Levant Seems to Express Northern Levant Migrations, Cultural and Religious Transfer, Stonehenge: Paganistic Burial and Astrological Ritual Complex, England (5,100-3,600 years ago), Complex rituals for elite, seen from China to Egypt, at least by 5,000 years ago, Chinas Civilization between 5,000-3,000 years ago, was a time of war and class struggle, violent transition from free clans to a Slave or Elite society. Summarizing, the scarce archaeological and archaeobotanical evidence generally suggest that the gathering and processing of plants might have been a component in the subsistence strategies of the ancient North-Pontic people; however, offering a reliable conclusion about this matter is challenging. ref, TheMikhaylovka culture,Lower Mykhaylivka culture(36003000 BCE)is aCopper Agearchaeological culture which flourished on thePontic steppefrom 3600 to 3000 BCE. Changes in material style were much more likely to be the result of organic developments, they thought, as the social order shifted, elites emerged and fell, and new ideas about organizing society took hold. Yamnaya households were small, consisting of only two or three families. Stone Snake of South Africa: first human worship 70,000 years ago. [T]he existence of that worship does not admit of doubt. [CP]A late Neolithic pastoralist culture, dating to 2000-1800 bc, of the lower Volga and Don steppelands of Russia, also known as the Pit Grave Culture. And similarly,Native American beliefs such asTons, tutelary animal spirit among theZapotecandTotems, familial or clan spirits among the Ojibwe, can be animals.ref, Atutelary(alsotutelar) inAustronesian beliefs such as:Atua(godsand spirits of thePolynesian peoplessuch as theMorior theHawaiians),Hanitu(BununofTaiwans term for spirit),Hyang(Kawi,Sundanese,Javanese, andBalineseSupreme Being, in ancientJava and Bali mythologyand this spiritual entity, can be eitherdivineorancestral),Kaitiaki(New ZealandMoriterm used for the concept ofguardianship, for thesky, thesea, and the land),Kawas (mythology)(divided into 6 groups: gods, ancestors, souls of the living, spirits of living things, spirits of lifeless objects, and ghosts),Tiki(Mori mythology,Tikiis thefirst mancreated by eitherTmatauengaorTneandrepresentsdeified ancestorsfound in mostPolynesian cultures). We see styles of artifact and burial that are intrusive (meaning unlike older practices) to the new area, in this case the Hungarian Plain and to a lesser extent the Danube Valley. Sky Father is a direct translation of the VedicDyaus Pita, etymologically descended from the sameProto-Indo-Europeandeity name as the GreekZes Paterand RomanJupiterand GermanicTr, Tir or Tiwaz, all of which are reflexes of the sameProto-Indo-Europeandeitys name,*Dyus Phtr. Yamnaya culture was defined by Vasily Gorodtsov in order to differentiate it from catacomb and srubnaya cultures that existed in the area but considered to be of later period. Did a 4,5204,420-year-old Volcano In Turkey Inspire the Bible God? In northern Greece a dark age from 3800-3300 BCE followed, during which settlements became scarce and people returned to dispersed herding economies. ref, The CucuteniTrypillia culture was a society ofsubsistencefarmers. The Samoyedic branch on northern Siberia split the earliest and corresponds to the N1c1* and N1c1a* subclades. Milk was an important source of nutrition for Yamnaya people, providing them with essential fats and proteins. This mixing appears to have happened on the easternPonticCaspian steppestarting around 5,000 BCE. MakilingandMaria CacaoandMaria Sinukuan. Here, we report genome-wide data from 19Upper Paleolithic to Early Bronze Age individuals from this Siberian region. Third, is the roof and finishing elements of the structure: Dogmatism and Myths. Other species include bread wheat and, The Sredny Stog culture seems to have had contact with the agricultural, , this pre-kurgan archaeological culture could represent the, Examination of physical remains of the Sredny Stog people has determined that they were, . 3,700 years ago or so, the oldest of the Hindu Vedas (scriptures), the Rig Veda was composed. In order to bring about awareness, we need to be willing to alter skewed beliefs. But knowing this must have happened is one thing; identifying the precise ways it happened, when, who moved, and for what reasons is much more difficult. 122K views 1 year ago Ancient Cultures Playlist The Yamnaya culture was a Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the Pontic steppe (north of the Black Sea) dating to 3300-2600. Our findings on the spread of millet that intensified during the fourth millennium BCE coincide with published dates of the expansion of the Sino-Tibetan languages from the Yellow River basin. ref, Seeds found at two herder campsites in Kazakhstan show thatpeople there used bread wheat from southwest Asia and broomcorn millet from eastern Asiabetween 4,800 and 4,300 years ago. Influence from Siberian, Turkic, and even Near Eastern beliefs, on the other hand, are more widely discussed in literature. ref, Evolutionary model of human pigmentation in three continental populations. White (light complexion skin) Bigotry and Sexism started 7,000 years ago? A century ago, it was a catch-all explanation for any change in the material record. Overall, our study demonstrates the most deeply divergent connection between Upper Paleolithic Siberians and the First Americans and reveals human and pathogen mobility across Eurasia during the Bronze Age., The Kets (an ethnic group in the Yenisei River basin, Russia) are among the least studied native Siberians. Other authors have discussed analogies (similar folkloremotifs, purely typological considerations, and certain binary pairs in symbolics) may be related to a dualistic organization of society somedualisticfeatures can be found in comparisons with these peoples. ref, ref, The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia, Ancient DNA studies have already shown that human populations of this region have dramatically transformed over time. Some examples of these include: Although the cosmic status of household deities was not as lofty as that of theTwelve Olympiansor theAesir, they were also jealous of their dignity and also had to be appeased with shrines and offerings, however humble. Paganism (from classical Latin refers to rural, rustic, later civilian) is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people who practiced polytheism. ref, However, Paganism as a term of meaning represents a wide variety of traditions that emphasize reverence for nature and a revival of ancient polytheistic and animistic religious practices. "Veda" - means knowledge even in modern Russian. The Origin of Language: Starts in Symbolism Around 100,000 years ago, to Early Proto-Writing 44,000-5,000 years ago with Unrealized Connections, Rock crystal stone tools 75,000 Years Ago (Spain) made by Neanderthals, Prehistoric Child Burials Begin at Least Around 78,000 Years Ago, Similarities and differences in Animism and Totemism. Elements of the practice can be seen even today, with Christian accretions, where statues to various saints (such asSt. Francis) protect gardens and grottos. In reality, this distinction is somewhat academic, since totemism may be regarded as a particularized manifestation of animism, and something of a synthesis of the two positions was attempted bySigmund Freud. Mostly pro-skeptic, I am a rationalist not valuing skepticism. In Ugaritic the plural form meaning gods isilhm, equivalent to Hebrewelhmpowers. Do animals and other natural objects have a spirit or soul? For Tocharian, it may be necessary to assume an indirect dispersal as well in view of the late spread of agriculture to the eastern steppe. My response,So are you saying that was always that way, such as would you say Native Americans cultures are separate from their religions? The term myth here refers to the imaginative expression in narrative form of what is experienced or apprehended as basic reality The term creation refers to the beginning of things, whether by the will and act of a transcendent being, by emanation from some ultimate source, or in any other way.. The Yamnaya culture was a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural rivers (the Pontic steppe), dating to 3300-2600 BC. Paganism 7,000-5,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism (Capitalism) (World War 0) Elite & their slaves. Prehistory: related to Anarchism and Socialism the division of labor, power, rights, and recourses. The Yamnaya migration is one of the most straightforward examples we find in the distant human past. These grains, found in small amounts, may have been eaten or employed in rituals of some kind. Some of it was already present in Russia during the Mesolithic period, but the largest East Asian migration to Europe took place with the arrival of Proto-Uralic people during the Neolithic. And do you think it always was the way you believe? InGreek mythology, the Earth is personified asGaia, corresponding to RomanTerra, IndicPrithvi/Bhmi, etc. The similarity to nearby modern populations and the low levels of additional genetic material in the Ulchi imply a high level of genetic continuity in this region during the Holocene, a pattern that markedly contrasts with that reported for Europe. ref, The East Asian admixture combines Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia. This implies that the leading clans of the Yamnaya were of EHG paternal origin. These grains, found in small amounts, may have been eaten or employed in rituals of some kind. Between 5000 and 4000 years ago, the Yamnaya and their descendants colonised swathes of Europe, leaving a genetic legacy that persists to this day. The more prosperous houses might have a smallshrineto the household god(s); thelarariumserved this purpose in the case of the Romans. Our findings on the spread of millet that intensified during the fourth millennium BCE coincide with published dates of the expansion of the Sino-Tibetan languages from the Yellow River basin., Seeds found at two herder campsites in Kazakhstan show that, . Ancestors are therefore themselves tutelaries to be worshiped. Archaeologists call the people who built these mounds representatives of the Yamnaya Culture, transplanted more than 800 miles from their homeland on the steppe to the Pannonian Basin in central Europe. Cultivating the soil (using anardor scratch plough), harvesting crops, and tending livestock was probably the main occupation for most people. Steppe semi-nomads associated with the Abashevo-Sintashta and later with the Srubnaya-Andronovo communities moved from Eastern Europe eastwards to the Altai and even to Xinjiang. The Yamnaya are thought to be the ancestors of the Indo-Europeans, who spread their language and culture across Europe and Asia. Each letter in Old Slavonic alphabet has a number and meaning which is a code basically. New Testing Revealed, First Complete DNA Sequencing Unveils Truth of Pompeii Victim, How Mixed Ancestries Shaped European Traits, Decade of DNA Analysis Reveals Astonishing Truths About Our Past, Genetic Study of Romanian Skull Upends Previous Theories of Evolution. Certain species, or types, of household deities, existed. These Mesolithic hunter-gatherer cultures are substantially replaced in theNeolithic Revolutionby the arrival ofEarly European Farmers(EEF) lineages derived from Mesolithic populations of West Asia (Anatoliaand theCaucasus). Gobekli Tepe is more like Shamanistic early Paganism, Not Adam, Eve, and Cain or Bible anything! Migration is again growing popular as a cause of historical change. Grave offerings included ornaments depicting horses. The House Spirits had a multitude of other names which it is needless here to enumerate, but all of which are more or less expressive of their friendly relations with man. People of the precedingDnieper-Donets culturewere even more powerfully built than the Sredny Stog andYamnaya. There are no entirely satisfactory solutions to this dilemma. Are the Natufians of Israel around 15,000 to 11,500 years ago who you thought they were? Koryaks: Indigenous People of the Russian Far East and Big Raven myths also found in Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, and other Indigenous People of North America, 4,320-3,820 years old Shimao (North China) site with Totemistic-Shamanistic Paganism and a Stepped Pyramid, 4,100-year-old beaker with medicinal & flowering plants in a grave of a woman in Scotland, Early European Farmer ancestry, Kelif el Boroud people with the Cardial Ware culture, and the Bell Beaker culture Paganists too, spread into North Africa, then to the Canary Islands off West Africa, Paganism 4,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism), Mythology, a Lunar Deity is a Goddess or God of the Moon, Sacred Land, Hills, and Mountains: Sami Mythology (Paganistic Shamanism).
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